Late postnatal transmission of HIV-1 and associated factors.
نویسندگان
چکیده
BACKGROUND The present study was undertaken to determine the risk and timing of late postnatal transmission (LPT) of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1). METHODS Breast-fed infants previously enrolled in 2 trials of antiretroviral prophylaxis were monitored in Malawi. Kaplan-Meier and proportional hazard models assessed cumulative incidence and association of factors with LPT. RESULTS Overall, 98 infants were HIV infected, and 1158 were uninfected. The cumulative risk of LPT at age 24 months was 9.68% (95% confidence interval, 7.80%-11.56%). The interval hazards at 1.5-6, 6-12, 12-18, and 18-24 months were 1.22%, 4.05%, 3.48%, and 1.27%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The risk of LPT beyond 6 months is substantial. Weaning at 6 months could prevent >85% of LPT.
منابع مشابه
Association of HIV-1 Envelope-Specific Breast Milk IgA Responses with Reduced Risk of Postnatal Mother-to-Child Transmission of HIV-1.
UNLABELLED Infants born to HIV-1-infected mothers in resource-limited areas where replacement feeding is unsafe and impractical are repeatedly exposed to HIV-1 throughout breastfeeding. Despite this, the majority of infants do not contract HIV-1 postnatally, even in the absence of maternal antiretroviral therapy. This suggests that immune factors in breast milk of HIV-1-infected mothers help to...
متن کاملRisk factors for postnatal mother-child transmission of HIV-1.
OBJECTIVE To identify factors affecting HIV-1 breastfeeding transmission. DESIGN Longitudinal observational cohort study. METHODS HIV-1 seropositive pregnant women and seronegative controls were enrolled at a maternity hospital in Nairobi. Women and their children were followed from birth, and data on HIV-1 transmission, breastfeeding, clinical illness, and growth were collected. Specimens ...
متن کاملLate postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 infection from mothers to infants in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania.
OBJECTIVE To study late postnatal transmission of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 in a cohort of children born to HIV-1-seropositive mothers who delivered at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam, Tanzania. MATERIALS AND METHODS Since 1991 a prospective cohort study of mother-to-child transmission of HIV-1 has been conducted at Muhimbili Medical Centre in Dar es Salaam. HIV-1-seroposi...
متن کاملRisk adapted transmission prophylaxis to prevent vertical HIV–1 transmission: Effectiveness and safety of an abbreviated regimen of postnatal oral Zidovudine
BACKGROUND Antiretroviral drugs including zidovudine (ZDV) are effective in reducing HIV mother to child transmission (MTCT), however safety concern remains. The optimal duration of postnatal ZDV has not been established in clinical studies and there is a lack of consensus regarding optimal management. The objective of this study was to investigate the effectiveness and safety of a risk adapted...
متن کاملCell-Free (RNA) and Cell-Associated (DNA) HIV-1 and Postnatal Transmission through Breastfeeding
INTRODUCTION Transmission through breastfeeding remains important for mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) in resource-limited settings. We quantify the relationship between cell-free (RNA) and cell-associated (DNA) shedding of HIV-1 virus in breastmilk and the risk of postnatal HIV-1 transmission in the first 6 months postpartum. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six HIV-positive mothers who trans...
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عنوان ژورنال:
- The Journal of infectious diseases
دوره 196 1 شماره
صفحات -
تاریخ انتشار 2007